Spatial Data Mining

An GIS Tool application

Spatial Data Mining Application Example

Spatial Data Mining is the application of Data Mining techniques to spatial models. In Spatial Data Mining, analysts use geographical or spatial information to produce business intelligence or other results. Analysts might be looking into large data bases or extremely large database to find relevant data based on GIS/GPS tools or similar mechanism. The core goal of Spatial Data Mining is to distinguish the information in order to build related, actionable patterns. This requires specific techniques and resources to get geographical data into relevant and useful formats.

TERM OF THE DAY

“Delay tolerant Network”

Delay tolerant networking is built with the dream motive of actuating inter-planetary Internet networking. In general, DTN is used for communications over a vast distance, generally in scales of thousands of kilometres and to overcome the logistical hurdles involved in the same.

Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to computer network architecture that seeks to address the technical issues in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. A delay-tolerant network is a network designed to operate effectively over extreme distances such as those encountered in space communications or on an interplanetary scale. In such an environment, long latency, sometimes measured in hours or days is inevitable. However, similar problems can also occur over more modest distances when interference is extreme or network resources are severely overburdened.

Delay-tolerant networking involves some of the same technologies as are used in a disruption-tolerant network but there are important distinctions. A delay-tolerant network requires hardware that can store large amounts of data. Such media must be able to survive extended power loss and system restarts. It must also be immediately accessible at any time. Ideal technologies for this purpose include hard drives and high-volume flash memory. The data stored on these media must be organized and prioritized by software that ensures accurate and reliable store-and-forward functionality. In a delay-tolerant network, traffic can be classified in three ways, called expedited, normal and bulk in order of decreasing priority. Expedited packets are always transmitted, reassembled and verified before data of any other class from a given source to a given destination. Normal traffic is sent after all expedited packets have been successfully assembled at their intended destination. Bulk traffic is not dealt with until all packets of other classes from the same source and bound for the same destination have been successfully transmitted and reassembled.

Term of the day – “Internet of Things”

Internet of things (IOT) is an umbrella term used to refer all devices that are connected over the Internet . These include PC’s , mobile devices , tablets , etc. Beside computers , these also includes appliances such as micro-ovens , refrigerators , etc . These devices are also called “smart devices” as they can communicate with each other . IOT must be enabled for wireless communication to connect to wired media . Generally these devices use Bluetooth to connect amongst themselves .
Besides communicating and connecting over internet , IOT devices are also with an array of sensors , that can help in multi-faceted applications of the same .

Term Of the Day – Dynamic URL

an Example of setting up Dynamic URL .

Dynamic URL refers to links that are generated as a result of queries from databases and are very different from static URLs . While the content of pages generated of static URL doesn't changes until the HTML code has been changed by the user , the content of dynamic URL pages are customized as per the query contents required by the user . The page is generally a database template filled with display based on  database query results . Any website with a dynamic URL has an associated

database which fills in most contents of the web page .

The parameters of a dynamically defined URL can be manually generated or can be automated . For instance , some websites track user’s IP address location and suitably decide on display options such as offers and language , etc. It is a highly convenient method to cater to individual user’s choice .

Term Of The Day – Conficker !!

Conficker is a virus worm , that is directed to infect systems with  Microsoft Windows 2000 / 7/8 , etc. Operating system . This was first detected in 2003 , when it affected the French Navy computer network to such extents that it had to ground several of it’s fleet for being unable to download flight data . Since then , Conficker has appeared and re-appeared in over 200 countries , each time more powerful with added malware protection tools implanted in itself .

The virus’s unknown authors are believed to be tracking anti-malware websites and law enforcement authorities , and to be plugging the virus’ loopholes . Ever Since , five variants of Conficker have appeared , each powerful than the later .

Possible effects of Conficker on an infested system are :

• Modification of System settings .
•  Killing anti-malware software .
• Termination / disablement of windows service such as Firewall , Defender , etc .
• Resetting system restore points .
• Deleting Back-up
• Checking for internet connectivity and downloading arbitrary files
• System used as a peer in seeding further the current or higher Conficker brethen .  

Check out if your system is affected by the malware here !!

Term Of the Day – “ PCI Mezanine Card ”

A PCI Mezanine Card is a printed circuit board generally used to extend the connectivity and function of a compatible computer System . PMC typically has all features of a PCI bus as well as the physical attributes of a Common Mezanine Card (CMC) format .

It is a peripheral card that is used to extend the functionality of a system by connecting the peripheral devices and provide service as a data acquisition card for industrial setting such as Sensors , Sonar and like wise . These functionalities often yield analog signals , so it is the function of the card to convert them to machine-readable and human-readable forms .

It is generally used for systems such as VMEbus , Futurebus+ and other systems supporting the PCI specifications .

Geeky terms that are cooler then they sound …..

The last decade or so has seen IT boom not only in size and figures but also there has been a blasting high in the number of additions to Jargons used . Though geeky jargons are often misleading by their lay man assumptions , but there are quite a few of them which are cooler than they sound .

Here are some terms broken down and explained in the simplest possible way :

Data Analytics : 

This is a perfect example of how IT jargons are deceptive by look . The otherwise boring and dumb appearing term actually defines a cooler process .  It is all about taking into account of all available data and making the best use of it . It can be also explained as “ crunching of data ” or  “ making stuff out of data ” .

This one is really taking a big shape as companies are looking deeper into big data , for utilizations such as using personal history of customers to generate better future transaction results .

Uptime Provision :

This is again something we regularly glaze over . This when included in the service terms means that the customer will be provided with the service as and when required by the individual . This is however a mile’s distance from the lay man conclusion we derive when one encounters it in text .

Wearable Computing :

This again is something that’s going to be big , very big as technology heads towards the Cyborg phase . This is generally used for computing options that come melded physically to humans . Something that instantly trickles in as an example is the Google Glass , as even more intimate relations are being planned , as is a new jargon called “ Humantronics ” .

Fog Computing :

Ok , this one appears a bit cool , but what it actually stands for is , well , foggy . This stands for the next-generation of cloud computing or the next step after the presently dominant “ Full Cloud ” services . To explain , the present cloud set-up requires complete transfer of data to the cloud , as a whole , which reduces infrastructural constraints as well as maintenance billings . But again, this might not sound healthy for individuals . Fog computing refers to moving relevant parts of data to the farthest corner , to make utilization efficient and provide an even cheaper option .

Responsive Design :

This again is something very important for today . As we know , it is incredibly tough to surf age-old websites using our smart phones , with sometimes , users being forced to droll about the large , beyond screen-holding capacity pages , searching frantically for the needful . In today’s era , where smart phones are rapidly coming up as device usage leaders , designers need to have implementations that are friendly for smart phone screens .